Atlante - Revue d'études romanes

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Atlante - Revue d'études romanes - Tag leibniz https://atlante.univ-lille.fr/tag/leibniz fr Tue, 02 Oct 2018 19:32:00 +0200 PluXml 05. Voltaire et l’optimisme leibnizien https://atlante.univ-lille.fr/05-voltaire-et-loptimisme-leibnizien.html https://atlante.univ-lille.fr/05-voltaire-et-loptimisme-leibnizien.html Marc Parmentier Université Lille 3 Savoirs, Texte, Langage UMR 8163 p. 137-165.  Marc PARMENTIER, « Voltaire et l’optimisme leibnizien ». Résumé. Voltaire découvre d’abord une défense de l’optimisme dans l’Essai sur l’homme d’Alexander Pope et c’est cet ouvrage qui est au centre du Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne. Mais l’optimisme de Pope, pour qui le mal est apparent, est très éloigné de celui de Leibniz pour qui le mal est réel. Or Voltaire possède une connaissance précise de la philosophie de Leibniz, dont certains aspects lui semblent « extraordinaires » et qui lui semble conduire au fatalisme. C’est surtout la méthode qu’il condamne : elle vise trop haut. Dans Candide, c’est l’optimisme leibnizien qui est visé. Le conte le soumet à une épreuve expérimentale en faisant passer les personnages d’un monde à l’autre. C’est donc le concept leibnizien de « monde possible » qui fournit le cadre de l’expérience. Il résulte de ce test que l’optimisme n’est ni prouvable ni falsifiable par les faits, ce qui suffit à le discréditer. Mots-clés. Alexander Pope, Candide, Leibniz, monde possible, optimisme philosophique, Voltaire.   Marc PARMENTIER, « Voltaire and Leibnizian Optimism ». Abstract. Voltaire first discovers the defence of optmism in the Essay on Man by Alexander Pope, the work that we can find at the very centre of the Poem on the Lisbon Disaster. But Pope’s optimism, for whom evil is apparent, is far away from that of Leibniz’s for whom evil is real. Yet, Voltaire has a precise knowledge of Leibniz’s philosophy, and considers some aspects of it as "extraordinary" that seem to lead to fatalism. He condemns the method in particular: it aims too high. In Candide, it is the Leibnizian optimism that is targeted. In the tale the hero undergoes an experimental test that passes the characters from one world to another. So it is the concept of Leibniz’s “possible world” that provides the framework for the experiment. The result of the test is that optimism is neither provable nor falsifiable by facts, which is enough to discredit it. Keywords. Alexander Pope, Candide, Leibniz, possible world, philosophical optimism, Voltaire.   <a href="https://atlante.univ-lille.fr/data/images/_articles/ATLANTE_1_5.pdf">Télécharger l'article complet (pdf, 340 Kb)</a> Tue, 02 Oct 2018 19:32:00 +0200 daniel.ramirezmahecha