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Atlante - Revue d'études romanes - Tag unite-populaire https://atlante.univ-lille.fr/tag/unite-populaire fr Thu, 21 Jun 2018 09:32:00 +0200 PluXml 10. La palabra pintada Notas sobre la Brigada Ramona Parra y el muralismo político en Chile https://atlante.univ-lille.fr/10-la-palabra-pintada-notas-sobre-la-brigada-ramona-parra-y-el-muralismo-politico-en-chile.html https://atlante.univ-lille.fr/10-la-palabra-pintada-notas-sobre-la-brigada-ramona-parra-y-el-muralismo-politico-en-chile.html <p>Antonia Garc&iacute;a Castro<br />Inversigadora asociada al ISP<br />UMR 7220<br />p. 234-248.</p><p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Antonia GARC&Iacute;A CASTRO, "</strong><strong>La palabra pintada. Notas sobre la Brigada Ramona Parra y el muralismo pol&iacute;tico en Chile"</strong><strong>. </strong></p> <p><strong>Resumen. </strong>Creada por el partido comunista chileno a fines de los a&ntilde;os 1960, y pensada como un &oacute;rgano de propaganda, la brigada Ramona Parra (BRP) fue mucho m&aacute;s que eso: un medio de comunicaci&oacute;n que permiti&oacute; expresar consignas y deseos y, como tal, un instrumento importante de la campa&ntilde;a electoral de 1970. A partir de la victoria de Salvado Allende y bajo el gobierno de la Unidad Popular (1970-1973, fue tambi&eacute;n indisociable de un modo de narrar y de celebrar conquistas pol&iacute;ticas. Raz&oacute;n por la cual, la experiencia de la BRP permite tambi&eacute;n aproximarse a una realidad pocas veces abordada: la alegr&iacute;a en pol&iacute;tica. El presente art&iacute;culo retoma algunos de los hitos de su historia e indaga en la relaci&oacute;n de lo art&iacute;stico y lo pol&iacute;tico, lo ef&iacute;mero y lo duradero recurriendo, entre otros materiales, a una entrevista con quien fuera el primer encargado nacional de la brigada: Danilo Bahamondes.</p> <p><strong>Palabras clave. </strong>Chile, Unidad Popular, Brigada Ramona Parra, muralismo chileno, Danilo Bahamondes, alegr&iacute;a, arte ef&iacute;mero, est&eacute;tica.</p> <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p><strong><strong>Antonia GARC&Iacute;A CASTRO,&nbsp;</strong><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;</strong><strong>La parole peint. <strong>Antonia GARC&Iacute;A CASTRO,&nbsp;</strong><strong>&laquo;</strong><strong>La palabra pintada. Notas sobre la Brigada Ramona Parra y el muralismo pol&iacute;tico en Chile&nbsp;</strong><strong>&raquo;</strong><strong>.</strong></strong><strong><br /></strong></strong></p> <p><strong>R&eacute;sum&eacute;. </strong>C&rsquo;est &agrave; la fin des ann&eacute;es 1960 que le parti communiste chilien cr&eacute;e la brigade Ramona Parra (BRP), alors con&ccedil;ue comme instrument de propagande. Elle sera beaucoup plus que cela&nbsp;: un moyen de communication qui permet d&rsquo;exprimer des mots d&rsquo;ordre mais aussi des d&eacute;sirs, des requ&ecirc;tes et, de ce fait, un instrument important de la campagne &eacute;lectorale de 1970. &Agrave; partir de la victoire de Salvador Allende aux &eacute;lections pr&eacute;sidentielles et sous le gouvernement de l&rsquo;Unit&eacute; Populaire (1970-1973), la brigade &eacute;labore un r&eacute;cit et une esth&eacute;tique qui entendent c&eacute;l&eacute;brer des conqu&ecirc;tes politiques. C&rsquo;est pourquoi, l&rsquo;exp&eacute;rience de la BRP permet aussi d&rsquo;appr&eacute;hender une r&eacute;alit&eacute; souvent d&eacute;laiss&eacute;e&nbsp;par les analystes&nbsp;: le ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne de la joie en politique. Le pr&eacute;sent article s&rsquo;int&eacute;resse &agrave; quelques moments cl&eacute;s de cette histoire et interroge &ndash;dans ce cadre&ndash; les relations entre art et politique, mais aussi entre dimension &eacute;ph&eacute;m&egrave;re et p&eacute;rennit&eacute; des &oelig;uvres peintes. Mobilisant diverses sources, l&rsquo;article se nourrit &eacute;galement du t&eacute;moignage du premier responsable national de la brigade&nbsp;: Danilo Bahamondes<strong>.</strong></p> <p><strong>Mots-cl&eacute;s.</strong> Chili, Unit&eacute; Populaire, Brigade Ramona Parra, peintures murales au Chili, Danilo Bahamondes, joie, art &eacute;ph&eacute;m&egrave;re, esth&eacute;tique.</p> <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p><strong>Antonia GARC&Iacute;A CASTRO,&nbsp;"The Painted Word. Notes on the Ramona Parra Brigade and political muralism in Chile".</strong></p> <p><strong>Abstract. </strong>The Ramona Parra brigade (BRP) was created by the Chilean communist party at the end of the 1960s as a propaganda tool. It turned into much more than that: the brigade became a communications tool to express slogans, instructions, but also desires, claims. It was also a de facto major tool for the 1970 electoral campaign. Once Salvador Allende won the presidential elections and throughout the government of Popular Unity (1970-1973), the brigade elaborated a story and an aesthetics celebrating political conquests. The BRP's experience offers an occasion to grasp a reality that is often neglected by analysts: joy in politics. This article focuses of some key moments of this history, and questions, in this very context, the links between art and politics but also between ephemeral and lasting painted works. The article uses various sources among which accounts by Danilo Bahamondes, the first national leader of the brigade.</p> <p><strong>Keywords. </strong>Chili, Popular Unity, Ramona Parra Brigade, mural painting, Danilo Bahamondes, joy, ephemeral art, aesthetics.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><a href="https://atlante.univ-lille.fr/data/images/_articles/ATLANTE_4_11.pdf">T&eacute;l&eacute;charger l'article complet (pdf, 196 kb)</a></strong></p> Thu, 21 Jun 2018 09:32:00 +0200 admin 02. El MIR y el proceso político chileno en el ciclo 1967-1975 https://atlante.univ-lille.fr/02-el-mir-y-el-proceso-politico-chileno-en-el-ciclo-1967-1975.html https://atlante.univ-lille.fr/02-el-mir-y-el-proceso-politico-chileno-en-el-ciclo-1967-1975.html <p>Igor Goicovic Donoso<br />Departamento de Historia<br />Universidad de Santiago de Chile<br />p. 29-55.</p><p><strong>Igor GOICOVIC DONOSO, "El MIR y el proceso pol&iacute;tico chileno en el ciclo 1967-1975". </strong></p> <p><strong>Resumen. </strong>El Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (MIR), de Chile, fue una organizaci&oacute;n pol&iacute;tico-militar, adherida ideol&oacute;gicamente al marxismo-leninismo, pero tambi&eacute;n heredera en el plano pol&iacute;tico y simb&oacute;lico de la Revoluci&oacute;n Cubana y del guevarismo. El MIR fue fundado en&nbsp; agosto de 1965, y posee una dilatada y relevante trayectoria pol&iacute;tica. No obstante ello, los estudios sobre el MIR a&uacute;n son escasos y m&uacute;ltiples aspectos asociados a su inserci&oacute;n en la historia pol&iacute;tica de Chile del &uacute;ltimo tercio del siglo XX, permanecen desconocidos.&nbsp;En este art&iacute;culo nos proponemos analizar las condiciones hist&oacute;ricas en las cuales se form&oacute; el MIR chileno y su contribuci&oacute;n al proceso de radicalizaci&oacute;n pol&iacute;tica que se vivi&oacute; en Chile entre 1967 y 1973. De la misma manera, estudiaremos su capacidad de reacci&oacute;n frente a la violencia represiva desplegada por la dictadura a partir de 1973 y su rol en la organizaci&oacute;n de la resistencia popular.</p> <p><strong>Palabras clave.&nbsp;</strong>MIR, Chile, Unidad Popular, Dictadura.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Igor GOICOVIC DONOSO,&nbsp;&laquo;&nbsp;Le MIR et le processus politique chilien dans le cycle 1967-1975 &raquo;.</strong>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>R&eacute;sum&eacute;. </strong>Le Mouvement de la Gauche R&eacute;volutionnaire (MIR) du Chili a &eacute;t&eacute; une organisation politico-militaire, id&eacute;ologiquement attach&eacute; au marxisme-l&eacute;ninisme, mais aussi h&eacute;ritier au niveau politique et symbolique de la R&eacute;volution cubaine et du gu&eacute;varisme. Le MIR a &eacute;t&eacute; fond&eacute; en ao&ucirc;t 1965, et a une trajectoire politique vaste et pertinente. N&eacute;anmoins, les &eacute;tudes qui portent sur le MIR restent rares et de multiples aspects li&eacute;s &agrave; son insertion dans l'histoire politique du Chili dans le dernier tiers du XXe si&egrave;cle, inconnus.&nbsp;Dans cet article, nous analysons les conditions historiques dans lesquelles le MIR chilien s&rsquo;est form&eacute;, ainsi que sa contribution au processus de radicalisation politique entre 1967 et 1973. De m&ecirc;me, nous &eacute;tudions sa capacit&eacute; &agrave; r&eacute;agir &agrave; la violence r&eacute;pressive d&eacute;ploy&eacute;e par la dictature de 1973 et le r&ocirc;le qu&rsquo;il joue dans l'organisation de la r&eacute;sistance populaire.</p> <p><strong>Mots-cl&eacute;s.&nbsp;</strong>MIR, Chili, Unit&eacute; Populaire, Dictature.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><strong>Igor GOICOVIC DONOSO, "The MIR and the Chilean political process in the 1967-1975 cycle".</strong></strong></p> <p><strong>Abstract. </strong>The Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (MIR) of Chile, was a political-military organization, ideologically attached to Marxism-Leninism, but also heir on the political and symbolic level of the Cuban Revolution and Guevarism. The MIR was founded in August 1965, and has had an extensive and relevant political career. Nevertheless, the studies on the MIR are still scarce and multiple aspects associated with their insertion in the political history of Chile in the last third of the twentieth century, remain unknown.&nbsp;This article analyzes the historical conditions in which the Chilean MIR was formed and its contribution to the process of political radicalization that took place in Chile between 1967 and 1973. Similarly, this article studies its ability to react to the repressive violence deployed by the dictatorship from 1973 and its role in organizing popular resistance.</p> <p><strong>Keywords.&nbsp;</strong>MIR, Chile, Popular Unity, Dictatorship.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><a href="https://atlante.univ-lille.fr/data/images/_articles/ATLANTE_4_3.pdf">T&eacute;l&eacute;charger l'article complet (pdf, 304 Kb)</a></strong></p> Thu, 21 Jun 2018 09:26:00 +0200 admin