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05. Le débat sur la résistance au tyran dans la littérature politique espagnole des <em>Comunidades</em> de Castille à la fin du règne de Philippe II - Atlante - Revue d'études romanes
Atlante - Revue d'études romanes
 

Numéro 2 - Printemps 2015
Querelles littéraires et disputes politiques : Italie et Espagne XIIIe - XVIIe siècles


05. Le débat sur la résistance au tyran dans la littérature politique espagnole des Comunidades de Castille à la fin du règne de Philippe II -

résistance tyran tyrannicide pactisme Mariana littérature politique comunidades

Alexandra Merle
Université de Caen
ERLIS EA 4254
p.90-115.

 

Alexandra MERLE, « Le débat sur la résistance au tyran dans la littérature politique espagnole des Comunidades de Castille à la fin du règne de Philippe II ».

Résumé. Cet article s’intéresse au débat sur la résistance au tyran dans la pensée espagnole du xvie siècle, et en s’appuyant sur l’analyse de nombreux traités (ceux de Vivès, Vitoria, Domingo de Soto, Sepúlveda, Las Casas, Ribadeneyra, Mariana, mais aussi Vázquez de Menchaca ou Roa Dávila) montre comment ce débat s’articule avec les événements survenus dans la péninsule Ibérique (notamment les Comunidades de Castille, dont la répression a un impact durable sur le traitement de cette question, même si le pactisme ne disparaît pas) et en Europe. Dans la seconde moitié du siècle, en effet, les guerres de religion ont pour conséquence une re-confessionnalisation de la réflexion sur la résistance et le tyrannicide, aboutissant à l’acceptation de ce dernier à certaines conditions.

Mots-clés. résistance, tyran, tyrannicide, pactisme, Mariana, littérature politique, comunidades.

 

Alexandra MERLE, «El debate sobre la resistencia al tirano en la literatura política española de las Comunidades de Castilla a finales del reino de Felipe II ».

Resumen. Este trabajo se interesa por el debate sobre el derecho de resistencia al tirano en la literatura política española del XVI. Basándose en el análisis de numerosos tratados (los de Vives, Vitoria, Domingo de Soto, Sepúlveda, Las Casas, los jesuitas Ribadeneyra y Mariana, pero también Vázquez de Menchaca y Roa Dávila) demuestra que la evolución de este debate se articula con ciertos acontecimientos históricos, en particular las Comunidades de Castilla y su represión - que tiene repercusiones sensibles en la literatura política, aunque no desaparezcan las teorías pactistas - y las guerras de religión europeas. Estas provocan en la segunda mitad del siglo la re-confesionalización de la definición del tirano y de la reflexión sobre la resistencia, hasta llegar a la aceptación del tiranicidio con ciertas condiciones.

Palabras clave. resistencia, tirano, tiranicidio, pactismo, Mariana, literatura política, comunidades.

 

Alexandra MERLE, « The debate on resistance to the tyrant in the Spanish political literature of the Comunidades de Castilla at the end of the reign of Philip II ».

Abstract. This paper aims to examine the debate on resistance against the tyrant in 16th century spanish political literature. The analysis of the political thought of several authors (such as Vives, Vitoria, Domingo de Soto, Sepúlveda, Las Casas, Ribadeneyra, Mariana, Vázquez de Menchaca and Roa Dávila) allows to demonstrate that the treatment of this debate is connected with certain events in Spain or in Europe : the repression of the "comunidades" revolt has consequences on political literature, especially on this subject. Later, the Wars of Religion have an impact on the evolution of the tyrant definition and the justification of tyrannicide, with certain conditions.

Keywords. Resistance, tyrant, tyrannicide, Mariana, political litterature, comunidades, contractualism.

 

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